Table 1. Model parameter and data

Parameter	Data	References
EV sales forecast	Domestic KP, IEA STEPS, APS	IEA[9] Korean Government¹⁾
EV type	(light) BEV, PHEV (heavy) Electric truck, Bus	IEA[9] Korean Government¹⁾
Battery capacity	Applied by types of BEV/PHEV/Truck/Bus	Dunn et al.[6] Abdelbaky et al.[8] Wesselkämper et al.[4]
Battery lifespan	10 years to all types	Dunn et al.[6] Abdelbaky et al.[8] Wesselkämper et al.[4]
Material content	Content of Co/Ni/Li by cathode’s type	Dunn et al.[6]
Battery reuse rate	55.5% in 2031 58.0% in 2036	SNE research[10]
Yield rate of manufacturing	Cell 95.0% Cathode 92.2%	SNE research[10]
Used battery collection rate	95% considering mandatory collection and battery loss	SNE research[10] Dunn et al.[6]
Recycling efficiency²⁾	Co 98%, Ni 98%, Li 90%,	Dai et al.[11]

Korean Government[2,12]; MOLIT[13]; MOTIE[14-16].
Applying the efficiency of hydrometallurgy.